Not everyone knows that Oruro, a city and department in Bolivia located over 200 km from La Paz, hosts one of the most important carnivals in the world. This carnival, due to its significance and grandeur, ranks just after the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro and that of Venice. I had the opportunity to witness it during my stay in Bolivia on March 1, 2025, an unforgettable day. I took a bus early in the morning and returned the next day with other carnival veterans. It’s an adventure worth experiencing at least once in a lifetime.
The Carnival of Oruro is an emblematic festival. Declared an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2001, this carnival is a vibrant mix of indigenous and Catholic traditions that reflects the rich cultural heritage of the country. UNESCO recognizes this event not only for its beauty and color but also for its importance in Bolivia’s cultural identity, where ancestral beliefs and contemporary religious practices merge.
If you decide to go, prepare for a total spectacle and emotions you have never experienced before. There is an explosion of colors, typical dances, and impressive costumes that celebrate Bolivia’s rich cultural heritage. The Diablada, with its struggle between good and evil, captivates with elaborate costumes and striking masks. The Moreno pays homage to the fusion of cultures, while the Caporales dazzles with acrobatics and vibrant rhythms. The Samba, adapted to the local style, invites shared joy. The Tinku symbolizes indigenous resistance, and the Pujllay celebrates the connection to the land. Finally, the Waka Waka fuses Andean elements with modern rhythms, reflecting cultural evolution. Each dance is a song to identity and tradition, uniting hearts in an unforgettable celebration.
Bolivian tailors are undoubtedly among the best in the world and can compete with high-end Italian tailoring. Each costume is a work of art, crafted with dedication and skill, telling stories of Bolivian culture and history. During Carnival days, tailoring becomes a manifestation of artisans’ talent, who dedicate hours to perfecting every detail. Through these creations, cultural identity is preserved, and homage is paid to the roots of a people. In the carnival, the costumes are not only spectacular but also represent the pride and essence of Bolivia, uniting the community in a vibrant celebration full of tradition.
The carnival is so famous that it sometimes attracts celebrity figures, such as British actor Jude Law, who attended the Carnival of Oruro on February 14, 2008. He participated in the celebrations wearing a traditional outfit and enjoyed the experience amidst music and dance. His presence was part of a documentary titled “The Amazing Race,” which showcased the cultural richness and traditions of the carnival.
One of the most emotional participations in the 2025 Carnival was that of the Nansana Kids, a group of children and teenagers from Uganda who captivated the audience with their energy and talent. Invited by the Bolivian government, they explored iconic landscapes like the Salar de Uyuni and the Incahuasi Island in a unique cultural exchange. The Nansana Kids Foundation, which went viral in 2023 for their performances with improvised instruments, has been key in spreading Bolivian folklore on social media, surpassing the reach of local productions.
This year, the Carnival shone in all its splendor in a special edition for the Bicentennial of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. With the official support of UNESCO, more than 60,000 dancers and 20,000 musicians paraded through the vibrant streets of Oruro, showcasing the folkloric richness of the country to over 350,000 spectators, both locals and international tourists.
However, the less colorful side of the Carnival is reflected in the city itself, which often presents itself as a chaotic and neglected place, with public services leaving much to be desired. Preparing a meal on the street can be an adventure, and bathrooms often lack water. It is advisable to bring your own food and travel in groups, as the experience is best enjoyed in company.
The Carnival of Oruro is undoubtedly a unique experience that combines tradition, culture, and a sense of community that endures over time. Each year, this event not only celebrates Bolivian heritage but also invites the world to join in a dance of colors and emotions, reminding us of the beauty of cultural diversity.
Text and photos: Joanna Longawa